Complications of ulcerative colitis
Ulcerative colitis may lead to complications, such as anemia, dehydration, and disability (due to extraintestinal involvement). It also may cause growth retardation in children. But, the most dangerous complications are cancer colon and toxic megacolon.
1. Cancer colon: Patients with ulcerative colitis shows a significant risk of cancer colon 10-20 years after disease onset. Thus, these patients should undergo regular screening for colon cancer.
2. Toxic megacolon: It is a condition in which the colon becomes atonic and distended due to the accumulation of gases. It is a life-threatening condition because the colon may rupture, and the bacteria enter the blood, causing septicemia. It causes fever, tachycardia (rapid heart rate), dehydration, and abdominal pain. It may require surgical resection of the colon to save the patient’s life.
